Shock absorbing mechanism



' July 27, 1943.

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SHOCK ABSORBIKNG MECHANISM Filed May '7, 1941 n.. um n IIIIIIIII A. 1.,.|v\ 5 Fil i i a NH@ Il IIIIII IIIIIIIIIIII Patented July 21, 194syLouis Setz, Umain, Ncbr. Application `May '1, 1941, Serial No. 892,328

iscmms. (ci.

This invention relates to a shock absorbing and spring mechanism adaptedto'be applied to stationary or movable objects such as a vehicle, chair,gun, machine, or other object forabsorbing, preventing or modifying theeffects of motion or of force directed to such objects by explosions,collisions, pressure, or shocks or vibrations occasioned by exteriorforce or by the motion of such stationary or movable objects.

'I'he invention includes the use of springs, the action of liquids undercompression, and the compression and expansion of air for spring actionand for modifying or preventing shocks. Also, the invention includeslthe use of a piston movable in a cylinder with means for a control ofsuch movement of the piston and means'to prevent excess friction `of themoving piston. Other objects of the invention will appear more fullyhereinafter.

The principal object of the invention is to provide anti-friction, shockabsorbing, graduated and controlled spring and recoil mechanism forgeneral use on any stationary or movable objects,

such as a vehicle, conveyance, chair, seat, gun, Y

machine, object or thelike.

'I'he invention consists of the newand useful construction, combinationand arrangement of parts described herein and claimed, and as shown inthe accompanying drawings, it being understood that changes in form,size, proportion of parts and minor details may be made by applicant,said changes being within the scope of the invention as claimed.

III

To the accomplishment of the above and subordinate objects presentlyappearing, a preferred embodiment of the invention has 4beenillustratedin the accompanying drawing set forth in detail in thefollowing description, and dened in the claims appendedhereto:

In said drawing, Figure 1 is a view in longitudinal section of a shockabsorbing mechanism showing'oneembodiment of the invention.

Figure 2 is a broken away plan view showing a bearing frame for rollerballs.

Figure 3 is a plan view of the top of the piston with the coverattached.

Figure 4 is a transverse section indicated by line 4-4 in Figure 1,showing the standard and its collar, the outer edge of the disc beingshown in dotted lines. l

Figure s is s view of the bottom of 'the piston head showing an annularaperture and a circular slope edged groove.

Describing the invention in detail, with reference to the drawing bynumerals in the illustrated embodiment thereof, the invention (madepreferably of metal parts, unless Votherwise stated), includes acylindrical container I, having an enlarged part I' having wallsconcentric with the walls of cylinder I and opening at its top, saidcylinder I being closed at its bottom and provided with a base 2.

The inside bottom of cylinder I is provided with a centrally disposedcircular groove l with slope edges 4, the said slope edges being a guidefor spring 9 into groove 3, which acts as a seat for main spring 8 andprevents main spring 8 from contact with the cylinder walls.

Base 2 is provided with fluid drain port i, which may be opened orclosed by iluld port screw 8 for the purpose of removing fluid from.cylinder 4Il or cleaning it. Base 2 is provided with a centrallydisposed standard hole 1, preferably threaded, to receive and securestandard I8 in place. At junction lof cylinder l with cylinder I is acircular ledge I5 which acts as a division and also as a settling placefor residue from roller balls I2.

The part of cylinder I contains also circular ledge I8 disposedtransversely to the cylinder, which is a roller ball race-way adjacentto the junction of cylinder I with the large part cylinder I', saidledge I3 supporting roller balls I2.

At II'is shown disposed in the circular area of cylinder I', an annularbearing sleeve or frame for roller balls, secured against cylinder I bykeepers I1. The bearing frame or sleeve I8 is provided at the upper andlower ends `with in.

wardly projecting flanges which serve as a race or bearing to maintainthe series of balls I2 and I8 at right angles to the longitudinal axisof the cylinder I. The balls I2 being held in operative position by thelower `flange of the said bearing frame I6, and the balls I8 beingsupported by the upper ange of said bearing frame I6.

At numeral 8 is indicated a sealed port through cylinder I' andbearing'sleeve I8 which permits checking and refilling uid in themechanism.

Numeral I5 indicates a bearing ring which is disposed in cylinder I'adjacent to and holding in place balls I8. Bearing ring I8 also Vclosesthe device by iltting slidingly around piston 2l,

and is held in place-by screws 20.

Numeral I4 indicates a groove passage in the wall of cylinder I, makingvjunction or port from cylinder I to cylinder I and tapered in the parttowards the base of cylinder I', its function being to provide apassageway between iiuid in cylinder I and cylinder I which closes whenpiston 24 moves inside cylinder I-pastcylinder groove passage I4.

At numeral 24 is indicated a hollow cylindrical piston provided with acircular ange top. It is provided with a piston top cover 43, preferablydisc-shape,vadapted to be secured to the flanged piston top 4| by bolts44, and made air tight by inclosing circular gasket 42. Piston 24 isprovided with an outside groove-shaped uid ring 2`| disposed circularlyin that part of the piston entering cylinder I, said uid ring beingconnected with the interior of piston 24 by iiuid ring port 28 throughthe wall of piston 24, the purpose 0f which is to 'conduct a supply offluid from the inside of piston 24 to the uid ring 21 in contact withthe walls of cylinder I for lubricating purposes. Piston 24 is providedwith a iiuid port 3l connecting the interior of piston 24 with theinterior of cylinder I', the purpose thereof being to communicate iiuidback and forth between the two areas and maintain a common liquid level,and said fluid channel is automatically shut off when piston 24 isAmovedinwardly in cylinder I. Piston head 23 is provided with a circularrecess a in its outer wall, disposed transversely relative to the pistonwith roller ballsb mounted'in the recess slidingly engaging cylinder I,the purpose thereof being to prevent friction as the piston moves incylinder I. 'Ihe bottom of piston head 23 is provided with a centrallydisposed circular slope edge groove 25, the purpose of which is to guideand provide a seat for main spring 9 when it comes in contact therewith,thus preventing the main spring from contact with the cylinder walls.Piston head 23 also is provided with a circular, centrally disposedpiston hole 2li,I the purpose of which is to receive standard I0, alsoto provide an opening for the passage of liquid and air back and forthbetween the interior of cylinder I and the interior of piston24. Piston24 isslidingly mounted in bearing ring I 9 and cylinder I with rollerballs b slidingly engaging cylinder I, and the piston slidingly engagesroller balls I2 and I8, Figure l shows the piston in its normal positionwith the mechanism not under compression.

Numeral I0 indicates a standard which is disposed centrally, and ispreferably round, and threaded in the standard hole 'l in base 2. Thepurpose of standard I0 is to provide a mount for snubber spring II, toregulate the ow of uid 'i and air back and forth between cylinder I andpiston 24 through piston hole 26, and to provide a mount and support fordisc 29, top spring 32, uid lwasher 33 and keeper 34. Standard` I0 Iisprovided with a tapering decrease in diameter tapering upwardly frombase 2 between points indicated by numeral 39, said .tapering partoperating as a choke or regulator of liquid and air flow through pistonhole 26 as piston 24 moves inwardly and outwardly in cylinder I bydecreasing and increasing the passageway for liquid and air throughpiston hole 26. Standard I9 also is provided with a circular enlargementthe collar 3| which acts as a choke or regulator of liquid flow throughpiston hole 26 when piston hole 2E moves over collar 3|, thus retardingmovement of piston 24, and said collar also serves as a seat for disc29. Standard I0 also is provided with a circular ledge 35 which is aseat for fluid washer 33. The upper end of standard I9 is threaded forafiixing keeper 34. Standard I9 has a square standard head 36 for use inconnecting and disconnecting the standard in base 2. The parts are ofsuch proportions that it docs not come in contact with plate 38.

Numeral II indicates a snubber spring seated on base 2, mounted aroundstandard I0. Its purpose is to act as an auxiliary spring by coming incontact with piston head 23 in case of extreme compression or disablingof main spring 9.

Numeral 9 indicates a main spiral spring of proportionate size andtension to provide spring resistance and recoil against piston 24.A Itsurrounds standard IIl', one end is seated in groove 3 in base 2, andone end of the main spring is seated in groove 25 in piston head 23. The

purpose of main spring 9 is to provide resilient resistance to movementof piston 24 inwardly in cylinder I and to provide resilient recoil formovement outwardly of piston 24 in cylinder I.

Numeral 29 indicates a iiat disc of greater diameter than the pistonhole 26 provided with a round hole disposed centrally, proportioned .tomove slidingly on standard I 9 above collar 3|. Disc 29 is mounted onstandard I0 and is disposed on collar 3|'. Disc 29 serves as a seat andlifter for top spring 32 and also as a fluid jet ,breaker for fluidforced out of cylinder I through piston hole 26as piston 24 movesinwardly in cylinder I.

Numeral 32 indicates spiral top spring of proportionate size and tensionto resist movement of piston 24 outwardly in cylinder I, said spring 32being mounted on standard I0, its lower end seated against disc 29 andthe upper end engaging fluid washer 33. Top spring 32 serves the purposeof preventing movement of piston 24 outwardly from cylinder I by meansof engagement of inside of piston head 23 with disc 29, thus compressingtop spring 32 which recoils and returns piston 24 to place.

Numeral 33 indicates a centrally apertured fluid washer of circular,cup-shape of lesser diameter than the piston. Said Yfluid washer ismounted on standard I0 by seating its aperture on ledge 35 andtightening it in place'by keeper 34 with its open end facing toward andpartially surrounding top spring 32. Said uid washer 33 serves thepurpose of providing a seat for one end of top spring 32n and also tendsto prevent agitation of liquid in' piston 24 and prevent mixing ofliquid and airby obstructing and controlling motion of liquid in thepiston. The proportion of parts is such that it does not engage piston24 or disc 29.

Numeral 38 indicates a segmental plate covering less than the full areaof the inside of piston 24. 4Plate 38 is seated transversely on a ledge39 running par! ly around the inner wall of piston 24 and is secured bykeepers 40. Proportion of parts is such that the plate is located farenough ject away from standard I I the two members cannot collide duringmovement oi the piston. The

plate tends to obstruct and control motion of i I' of the cylinder I andis o! such proportions' that it extends downwardly from the cover` asufiicient-distance to surround the upper portion of the part I' oi' thecylinder, the-function of this .part being to act as a shield againstdirt and'foreign objects for the piston and part I of the cylinder.Bolts 49 serve also to fasten the mechanism to any object. Numeral 41shows bolts for securing the baseI of thev i 'I'he parts may beconveniently assembled,

Standard Il may be threaded in base 2. snubber spring II mounted over'standard III and seated on movement of piston 24 is resisted, slowed,and softened by main spring 9, by the resistance of oil or nuid incylinder I which escapes through pis..

`ton hole 29. around standard III and by the compression of air inpiston 24.. As the piston 24 compresses main spring 9, the escape offluid fromv cylinder I is slowed and hydraulic resistance increased bythe standard taper III on standard I9,

which gradually reduces the passageway through,

piston hole 26 and gradually lessens the escape of fluid from cylinder Ithrough piston hole 29, and

-helps to stopthe compression of main Spring 9.

base 2, main spring 9 mounted over standard I0' 4 and seated in groove.3 in base 2, the annular bearing sleeve I9 inserted in cylinder I',roller balls I2 and roller balls Il inserted in their respectiverace-ways. bearing ring I9 inserted in cylinder I' and secured in place,grease ring 2| and felt wiper ring 22 inserted in place in cylinder I',shield 49 placed over cylinder I'. Piston head 29 may be inserted in thetop of cylinder I',- slid past the felt wiper ring 22, grease ring 2l,bearing ring I9, and both sets of roller 'balls'. until the slope edgegroove 25 has contacted and seated 'main spring 9 and piston hole 26 hasenclosed standard I0 past collar SI. Disc 29 may be mounted on standardI9 and seated on collar 3l. Top springI 92 may be mounted aroundstandard Il until one end rests on disc 29. Fluid washer 93 may'bemounted by its aperture on standard I0 and seated on ledge 95 by theafxing of keeper 34. Suilicient oil or fluid may be inserted in piston24 to lill cylinder I and ll cylinder I' and piston'24 to about thelevel of keeper in piston l24. Plate 99 may be seated on ledge I9 andsecured by keepers 40, gasket 42 may be amxed on the flanged top ofpiston 24, lcovering the open end of thepiston. Piston top. cover 42 maythen be affixed air tight to the anged top of piston 24, with or withoutsuitable base 2 is attachedv to or rested on the surface against whichspring or shock absorption is desired and as near perpendicular as maybe to the horizontal plane of such surface. The piston top 4I isattached to the object upon which weight or shock is to be applied. Whenany weight or shock is put upon the object attached to piston top 4I orbase 2, the weight or shock, dependinggipon its amount, causes piston 24to move inwardlygwin cylinder I on roller balls b, I2 and aI9,compressing main spring 9. The inward ton 24 has entered cylinder. I,the more the taper 90 on standard III reduces the movement e As piston24 enters cylinder I, the uid escaping from cylinder I enters the pistonand reduces the air space in the upper part oi' the piston, causingcompression of the -air contained therein, which increasingly resiststhe movement of the piston into cylinder I and helps to cushion and stopthe `movement of the piston into cylinder I. The Jet of fluid escapingfrom cylinder I through piston hole 26 is stopped and calmed by iiowinglagainst disc 29. The liquid agitation and mixing with air is alsoresisted by fluid washer 32 and plate 38 tending to hold the liquid inplace, The movement of piston 24 into cylinder I is arrested in case ofa great shock or weight being applied, by snubber spring II. f

= yWhen the movement ofpiston 24 into cylinder in the tcp o! piston 24..The outward movement of piston 24, however, is slowed and controlled by,the return of iluid from piston 24 into cylinder I through piston hole29, and the further plsof fluid through piston hole 26,A thus slowingand controlling the outward movement of piston 24 tending to prevent aAjerky orsudden outward movementoi the piston.

If piston 24 moves outwardly from cylinder I, its movement isslowed andresisted by collar 9| on standard I0 when the collar meets piston r hole29 by reducing the flow of iluid from piston 24 into cylinder I, andsuch outward movement of piston 2i is arrested by lifting against disc29 and compressing ltop spring 32, which recoils and returns piston 24to place'. Piston 24 flts'slidingly in cylinder I retarding fluid fromrising between the walls oipiston 24 and cylinder I into the space incylinder I' above roller balls I2. If the iluid level in cylinder I',above roller balls I2, arises above the level of the uid in piston 24,

's the fluid level is restored by uid returning inside piston 24 throughfluid port 31 in piston 24 and cylinder fluid passage I4 in the wall ofcylinder I. When piston 24 is thrust inwardly in cylinder I, compressingmain spring 9, the uid port 31 moves inwardly in the slidingly flttingpart of cylinder I, automatically shutting ofi fluid port 91 until itrises again into the open space above ledge I5. And cylinder iluidpassage I4 is likewise automatically opened and closed by the inward andoutward movement of piston 24 so that when piston 24 is moved intocylinder I, both fluid port 31 and cylinder fluid passage I4automatically shut oir and do not permit the duid under compression incylinder I to escape through them.

The roller balls I2 and I8 slidingly engage cylu seizure by piston 2'4when it moves inwardly and outwardly in cylinder l..

Liquid may be added or changed as desired by opening sealed port 8 anddrain port 5.

VThe whole mechanism is self-ailing if lled with oil to even with thefluid check sealedv port 8. Ledge I5 is provided for a settling placefor dirt which might otherwise accumulate around ball bearings I2.

I't is obvious that the rate of compression of spring 9 may be regulatedby using a stiier or softer spring. Obviously, the hydraulic shockabsorption and'hydraulic resistance to the movement of piston 24 may bechanged at will by enlarging or decreasing the piston hole 26 andenlarging or decreasing the tapered part 30 on standard I0, thusincreasing or decreasing the flow of uid through piston hole 26.

It will be observed from the drawing that if the mechanism in an uprightposition is lled with oil to the level of the keeper on the standard, afull compression of the main spring by the piston will send oil from thecylinder into the piston in volume suii'icient to reduce the air spaceabout one-half. If such proportions were maintained in the parts and thediameter of thepiston increased, the air resistance and recoil could beincreased to a great degree and correspondingly reduced by reducing thediameter of the piston.

It is obvious that if the mechanism were filled with liquid to the levelof the keeper on the standard while standing upright, and then laid inhorizontal position, the liquid would move in such a way that air wouldenter the cylinder I and return toward its original location if themechanism were moved toward an upright position.

Obviously, the size of the various parts for the mechanism may beincreased or decreased in proportion as the amount of weight to becarried is increased or decreased and the amount of shocks to beabsorbed may be increased or decreased in force, without dispensing anyof the elements of the mechanism as described.

Some of the advantages of this mechanism are that it utilizes in onemechanism the elements of hydraulic and air shock absorption, coilspring, resistance of air compression, recoil of air expansion, andhydraulic resistance and control of movement, all co-acting in automaticcombination with a minimum of friction provided by the anti-frictionbearings, the spring seats, the lubricating mechanism,iand otherelements, to provide controlled spring movement and absorption ofshocks.

The use of roller-balls slidingly engaging between the piston andcylinder, whether carried in a cylinder recess or a piston recess,reduces friction, reduces vibration and wear, and reduces the amount ofpower necessary to cause movement of the piston in the cylinder, thusbringing ease and smoothness of operation andI a saving in wear.

I claim as my invention: f

1. In shock absorbing mechanism a hollow cylinder provided with a base,a hallow piston d slidingly mounted in the cylinder and provided with anapertured head-member, a standard secured in the baseof the cylinder andextending upwardly through the piston-head aperture and provided with acollar on the part projected inside the piston, an 'apertured discslidingly mounted on the standard and disposed on the collar and capableof engaging with the inside of the piston-head. a keeper on the standardabove the disc, spring means between the keeper and the disc forresisting outwardly movement of the piston and spring means between thebase of the cylinder and the head member oi the piston for supportingthe piston.

- 2. In. shock absorbing mechanism a hollow liquid and air containingcylinder open at its top and provided with a base closing its bottom, ahollow cylindrical piston containing liquid and air and closed at itstop and having an Aapertured head-member providing a passageway for airand liquid therethrough, the piston slidingly mounted l in the cylinder,a standard secured in the base of the cylinder and extending upwardlythrough the piston-head aperture, spiral spring means in the cylinder`for resisting a movement of the piston inwardly of the cylinder, andspring means secured on the standard inside the piston for resisting amovement of the piston outwardly of the cylinder.

3. In shock absorbing mechanism a hollow air and oil containing cylinderclosed at its bottom and having a part of greater diameter opening atits top, an upright cylindrical spacer with terminal inwardly projectingilanges within and secured to that part of the cylinder of greaterdiameter, anti-friction balls arranged in cylindrical sections engagingthe anges of the cylindrical spacer, a hollow air and oil containingpiston closed at its top and having an apertured 'head-member providinga passageway for liquid,

said piston slidingly mounted in the smaller part of the cylinder andslidingly engaging the balls, air trapped in the piston above the liquidtherein, and resilient means engaging and tending to resist a slidingmovement of the piston relatively to the cylinder. f

4. In shock absorbing mechanism a hollow liquid containing cylinderprovided with a base closing its bottom, a hollow rliquid and aircontaining piston with a closed top and having an apertured head-memberproviding a passage- Way for liquid, the piston slidingly mounted in thecylinder, a standard threaded in the base of the cylinder and extendingupwardly through the piston-head aperture and provided with a collar onthe part projected inside the piston, an apertured disc slidinglymounted on the standard and disposed on the collar and capable ofengaging with -the inside of the piston-head during outwardly movementthereof, a keeper on the standard above the disc, spring means on thestandard between the keeper and the disc for resisting an outwardlymovement oi' the piston and spring means between the headmember of thepiston and the base of the cylinder tending to support the piston andresist inwardly movement thereof.

5. In shock absorbing mechanism a hollow cylinder provided with a baseclosing its bottom and having a part of greater diameter'opening at itstop, an upright cylindrical spacer lprovided with terminal inwardlyprojecting flanges within and secured to the enlarged part of thecylinder, antifriction balls engaging the said flanges and the enlargedpart of the cylinder, a hollow pi'ston'closed at its top and providedwith a head member slidingly mounted in the smaller part of the cylinderand slidingly engaging the balls, an aperture in the head of the pistonfor a. liquid passageway, a standard secured in "the base of thecylinder and extending through the ring disposed i threaded ascenso'aperture in the head of the piston and having a collar on the partprojected inside the piston and a keeper on the part projected beyondthecollar, an apertured disc larger than said-piston aperture slidinglymounted on the standard and. seated on the collar, a spiral spring onthe standard betweenthe keeper and the disc for resisting outwardlymovement of the piston, a spiral spring in the smaller-part of thecylinder tend-l ing to support the piston, an auxiliary spring' in thesmaller part of the cylinder mounted on the standard for resistinginwardly movement .'ly sloping 'edges recessed on the inside ofthe base01 the cylinder, said spring-seats Jso disposed.

' the cylinder above the other contents thereof and slidinglyiittingt'he piston and tending to conilne Y in" the enlarged part ci the8. combined spring and shock absorbercmof the piston, a passageway forliquid movements connecting the piston with the enlarged part of thecylinder, a passageway for liquid* movements connecting the enlarged andthe lsmaller parts of the cylinder, both s'aid passageways disposed sothey may be substantiallyclosed by movement vof the piston inwardly ofthe cylinder, and a cylindrical bearing ring with- Iin and secured tothe enlarged part of the cylcircular grooved spiral spring-seat withoutwardas to guide and seat a spiral spring, a spiral spring in thecylinder lerlgaging said spring-seats and tending' to support thepiston, and a bearing ring within and secured to the'enlarged part ofthe liquid .and air cylinder. 'v

prised'of a hollow cylinder having a liquid containing part of lesserdiameter provided with a v base closing its bottom and having a liquidand l air 'containing ypart of greater diameter opening at its top, ahollow cylindrical liquid and air containing piston ,having a 'closedtop and an lapertured head-'member` providing .a passageway for liquid,the piston slidingly mounted in the smaller part o f the cylinder,trapped air in the inder adjacent to its open end and slidingly en- 'lgaging the piston and tending to close the open end of the enlarged partof the cylinder.

6. In shock absorbing mechanism a hollow liq-l uid and air containingcylinder provided with a piston above the liquid, an rupwardly'tapered fstandard threaded in the base of the cylinder base closing its bottomand having a part of` greater diameter opening at its top, a bearing inand near the top oi the enlarged part of the cylinder, a standard in thecylinder thereon and provided with a keeper above the collar, an uprightcylindrical spacer provided with terminal inwardly projecting flangeswithin and securedito that part of the cylinder of greatin the base andhaving acollar mounted er diameter, anti-friction balls arranged incylin-,i

drical sections engaging the anges of the cylindrical spacer, a hollowliquid and air containing piston slidingly mounted in the bearing ring,and the cylinder, and slidingly engaging the balls and provided with anapertured head-member receiving the standard and providing a passagewayfor liquid andair, a spiral spring in the cylinder be- A tween thehead-member of the piston and base of the cylinder, and a spiral springin the piston disposed on the standard between the keeper and thehead-member of the piston. i

7. In shock absorbing mechanism a hollow liquid and air containingcylinder provided with a base closing its bottom and having a liquidand' air containing part of greater diameter opening at its top, anupright cylindrical spacer with inwardly projecting flanges within andsecured to that part of the cylinder oi greater diameter, anti-frictionballs in cylindrical sections engaging the ilanges of the spacer andengaging the cylinder, a hollow liquid and a-ir containing piston with aclosed top and an apertured headpart of the cylinder and slidinglyengaging the balls, an upwardly tapered standard secured in andextending upwardly through the aperture in v the piston head-member and'provided with a collar von the part projected inside the piston.

lan apertured disc slidingly mounted on the standard and disposed on thecollar and proportioned -to vbe capable of engaging the inside of thepiston head during outwardly movementy thereof, a keeper on the standardabove the collar. a spiral spring on the standard between the keeper andthe disc for resisting an outwardly movement of the piston, spiralspring means between the head-member of the piston and the base o f thecylinder tending to support the piston, a portpassageway for liquidmovements connecting the liquid containing part of the piston with'v theliquid containing enlarged partv of the v member providing a passagewayfor liquid and l air, the piston slidingly mounted in the smaller thebase of the cylinder and extending upwardly through the aperture in thepiston head-member and provided with a collar on the part projectedinside the piston, an apertured disc slidingly mounted on the standarddisposed on the collar and capable of engaging with the inside of thepiston head during outwardly movement thereof, a keeper on the standardabove the collar, a spiral spring on the standard between the disc andthe keeper tending to resist outward movement of the piston, a circulargrooved spiral spring-seat with outwardly sloping edges recessed on theouter face of the piston head-member, a

cylinder, a liquid passageway connecting the liquid containing enlargedpart of the cylinder with the smaller part of the cylinder, both saidliquid passageways so disposed that they may .be substantially closedlby inwardly movement of the piston, an upright cylindrical spacerprovided with terminal inwardly projecting anges -within and secured tothat part of the cylinder of greater diameter, anti-friction ballsarranged in.y cylin: drical sections engaging the anges of the spacerand slidingly engaging the piston, a bearing ring above the liquid theair :and the anti-friction' means in the enlarged part of the cylinderand secured thereto and slidingly fitting the piston and tending toconne the contents of the enlarged part of the cylinder.

9. In a shock absorber, a piston of the class described, comprising acyiindricai tube provided with ya cover closing its top and an aperturedhead-member providing a passageway for iiuid, said piston also havingrecessed on the outer face of the head-member a circular grooved spiralspring seat having outwardly sloping edges for guiding and holding aspring, said piston being cylinder, a standard secured in the base ofthe cylinder and extending upwardly throughcthe aperture in the pistonhead-member and provided with a collar on the part projected inside thepiston, a keeper on the standard above the collar, spring means on thestandard. between the collar and the keeper for resisting outwardlymovement of the piston, and a spiral spring in the cylinder tending tosupport the piston with one end of the spring engaging the circularspring-seat in the head-member of the piston and the other end of thespring engaging 'the base of the cylinder.

10. In shock absorbing mechanism, a standard of the class described,said standardgth'readed in the base of a hollow cylinder provided with abase closingits bottom, said cylinder having a hollow piston having acover closing its top and having prising a round standard having athreaded end for securing in the base of the cylinder and a part ofdecreasing diameter tapering upwardly from the base and having a collaron that part projected inside the piston, said standard provided` with asquared top for moving the standard and provided with a keeper threadedon the standard below the squared top, said standard having an apertureddisc slidingly mounted on the standard disposed on the collar and aspiral spring between the disc and the keeper for resisting an outwardlymovement of the piston, the tapered part of said standard proportionedto act as a metering pin for uid passage through the piston aperture,and the collar on said standard to the part of the cylinder of greaterdiameter,-

anti-friction balls in horizontal sections engaging the flanges of thespacer and slidingly engaging the piston, an upwardly tapered standardthreaded in the base of the cylinder and projecting upwardly through theaperture in the piston headmember and having a collar on the partprojected inside the piston and a keeper above the collar, an apertureddisc larger than said pistonhead aperture slidingly mounted on thestandard disposed on the collar, a spiral spring on the standarddisposed on the disc for resisting outproportioned to act as a meteringpart for fluid wardly movement of the piston, an apertured invertedcup-shaped member for resisting liquid movements mounted on the standardbetween said spiral spring and the keeper, a spiral springseat havingoutwardly sloping edges for guiding a spiral spring recessed in theouter vface of the piston head, a spiral spring-seat having outward-l lysloping edges for guiding a spiral spring recessed on the inner face ofthe cylinder base, aA spiral spring in the cylinder engaging said springseats and tending to support the piston, a port in said piston providinga liquid passageway between the inside of the piston and the enlargedpart of the cylinder, said port so disposed that it may be substantiallyclosed vduring inwardly movement of the pistonby entering the smallerpart of thecylinder, the cylinder provided with a liquid passagewaybetween the enlarged and smaller parts of the cylinder, the lastsaidpassageway so disposed it may be substantially closed by the piston asit enters the smaller part of the cylinder, a circular transverse recessin the outer wall of the piston, anti-friction balls in said recessslidingly engaging the smaller part of the cylinder, a cylindricalbearing ring within and secured to the enlarged part'of the cylinderabove the anti-friction balls and slidingly engaging the piston, sealedport means for inserting and removing iluid from the mechanism, andmeans at the top and at the base for securing the mechanism.

l2. In shock absorbing mechanism, a cylinder of the class described,comprising a hollow cylinder having a smaller part of lesser diameterand an adjoining enlarged part of greater diameter, the smaller end ofthe cylinder having a base closing it and the enlarged other end of thecylinder being open, a circular grooved spiral spring-seat recessed inthe inside of said base, said spring-seat having edges sloping outwardlyfrom the bottom of the spring-seat for guiding a spiral spring into thespring-seat, the cylinder provided with a liquid passageway connectingthe enlarged part of the cylinder with the smaller part thereof for apassageway for liquid, said passageway so disposed it may besubstantially closed by adjacence to the piston wall during inwardlymovement of the piston in thesmaller part of the cylinder, sealed portmeans for inserting' and removing iiuid from the cylinder, said cylinderhaving a hollow cylindrical piston with aclosed top and an aperturedhead-member providing a iluid passageway slidingly mounted in thesmaller part of the cylinder, said cylinder having a standard threadedin the base and extending through the aperture in the piston headmember,said cylinder also having one end of a spiral spring engaging thespring-seat in the base of the cylinder and the other end of the springengaging the head-member of the piston and tending to support it, saidcylinder having antifriction balls in the enlarged part ofthe cylinderslidingly engaging the piston, said cylinder having a cylindricalbearing ring within andl secured tothe enlarged part thereof adjacent tothe open end and slidingly engaging the piston and tending to confinethe contents of the enlarged part of the cylinder.

13. In a shock absorber of the class described, means for preventingloss of liquid from the mechanism, comprising a liquid and aircontaining cylinder closed at its base and having a part of greaterdiameter opening at its top, a hollow cylindrical air and liquidcontaining piston closed at its top and having a head-member providedwith an aperture for a, liquid passageway,

movement of the piston by adjacence to the wall of the smaller part ofthe cylinder, and a liquid passageway connecting the enlarged andsmaller parts of the cylinder and so disposed it may be substantiallyclosed by the piston during its movement into the smaller part of thecylinder.

14. Spring means for a telescoping spring and shock absorber, comprisinga hollow cylinder provided with a base closing one end and open at theother end, a hollow cylindrical piston provided with an aperturedhead-member for a passageway, the piston slidingly mounted in thecylinder, said means comprising a standard secured in the base of thecylinder and extending through the aperture in the piston and having acollar on the part projected inside the piston and a keeper on a partprojected beyond the collar, an apertured disc slidingly mounted on thestandard and disposed on the collar and engageable with the inside ofthe piston head during outwardly movement thereof, a spiral springmounted on the standard between the disc and the keeper for resistingoutwardly movement of the piston when the piston moves outwardly so theinside thereof engages the disc and tending to induce inwardly movementof the piston whenever the piston engages the disc.

15. In shock absorbing mechanism, a hollow cylinder having a base-memberclosing its bottom, an upwardly tapered standard mounted on thebase-member and provided with a collar, a keeper threaded on thestandard, a bearing-disc slidingly mounted on the standard and normallyengaging the collar, a slidable, hollow piston closed at its top andhaving an apertured headmember receiving the upwardly tapered standard,a spring-member between the base-member and the piston, and a springbetween said bearing-disc and threaded keeper of the standard.

16. In shock absorbing mechanism, a hollow liquid containing cylinderprovided with a base closing its bottom and having a part of greaterdiameter opening at its top, said enlarged part of the cylinder providedwith circular roller-ball raceways disposed therein transverselyrelative to the cylinder, roller-balls in the race-ways, a bearing-ringdisposed in the enlarged part of the cylinder above the roller-balls, ahollow liquidand-air containing piston closed at its top and having acircular roller-ball race-way in its outer wall disposed transverselyrelative to the piston and said piston provided with an open portproviding a passageway for liquid between the piston and the enlargedpart of the cylinder and said piston having a head-member provided withan aperture providingl a passageway for.

a keeper at its top, and a spiral spring in the piston between thekeeper on the standard and the head-member of the piston.

17. In shock absorbing mechanism a hollow cylinder provided with a base,a hollow piston slidingly mounted in the cylinder and having ahead-member provided with a connecting -pas-v passageway in the piston,spring means secured on the standard inside the piston to resistmovement of the piston outwardly during a portion of its possibleYtravel in the cylinder, slidable means supported on an abutment on saidstandard engaging said spring means and substantially closing thepassageway in the head-member of the piston duringisaid portion of itspossible travel in the cylinder, said standard being so shaped as to actas a means for metering the flow of fluid between thepiston andcylinder.

18. In a shock absorber means for preventing loss of liquid fromv themechanism, comprising a liquid containing cylinder closed at its base, ahollow liquid and air containing piston closed at its top and having ahead-member provided with an aperture for a liquid passageway, thepiston slidingly mounted in the cylinder, a reservoir for liquidadjacent to the piston and the cylinder, a liquid passageway in thepiston wall connecting the inside of the piston with the reservoir fordrawing liquid from the reservoir into the piston during outwardmovement of the piston, a liquid passageway connecting the inside of thecylinder with the reservoir, and means for substantially closing bothsaid passageways during movement of the piston into the cylinder.

LOUIS W. SETZ.

